A Review on the Effect of Soil Compaction and its Management for Sustainable Crop Production

Abstract Purpose Sustainable crop production could contribute to feed and fuel for the ever-increasing global population. The use of heavy agricultural machinery has improved efficiency farming operations increased food since 1950s. But their negative impact on soil includes changing structure resulting in deteriorating productivity environmental quality is being noticed several decades. purpose this review summarize help better understand effect machinery, tire inflation pressure, field traffic properties development, yield, economics different systems published last 20 years. Methods Search engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online, Taylor & Francis Academia, Research Gate platforms were used collect articles. This indexed journals, conference symposium proceedings, reports, academic presentations, thesis/dissertations. Results Soil compaction increases bulk density strength reduces porosity hydraulic properties. Stunted plant root growth due affects yield. from caused a significant yield reduction much 50% or even more, depending upon magnitude severity soil. Conclusions High gross weight vehicles/machinery damages environment that are critical sustainable production. subsoiling removing results more use, energy, cost, sometimes risks re-compaction, further conditions causing additional adverse consequences. affected by compaction, potential management strategies, future research needs have also been discussed.